What is the difference between 6 oxo and 11 oxo

Blood and urine were also analyzed for clinical chemistry markers. Athletes have long been looking for a way to gain an edge in competition, which has lead many to turn to anabolic steroids. It has been previously thought that anabolic steroids did not cause an increase in muscle size and strength, but now more recent studies have shown the effect that supra-physiological levels of TST and TST derivatives can increase muscle size and strength in males [ 1 - 7 ].

Once produced, TST does not circulate freely in the blood. The small fraction of TST that is not bound is considered the free testosterone FT and is the bioactive component of the hormone. Alternatively, TST can be converted into estradiol through aromatization by the action of the enzyme aromatase. There are pro-hormone nutritional supplements available, such as androstenedione, that are precursors to TST, and designer androstenedione derivatives such as androstenediol that are purported to support TST production.

There are data in young men demonstrating that the acute sublingual ingestion of androstenedione and androstenediol increased FT and TT up to min [ 8 ] and min [ 9 ] after ingestion. However, these are acute studies with a small window of TST elevation and do not relevantly reflect the manner in which these types of supplements are typically utilized.

More appropriately, there are studies demonstrating that the daily oral ingestion of these compounds over the course of several weeks, in conjunction with resistance training [ 10 , 11 ] and otherwise [ 12 ] to be ineffective at increasing endogenous TST levels. However, in the continued attempts to find supplements that elevate testosterone levels, some companies are manufacturing compounds that have no apparent androgenic activity, but are targeted at increasing the endogenous levels of TST by blunting aromatization and subsequent estrogen synthesis.

Aromatase inhibiting drugs are not new and have been used for years as a method of preventing and treating various types of cancer. Nutritional supplements designed with the intent of inhibiting aromatase activity are relatively new to the fitness community. Examples of these supplements are 6-OXO and Novedex XT, and are alleged to act similar to such aromatase inhibiting drugs as formestane.

We have recently shown that eight weeks of supplementation with the aromatase inhibiting nutritional supplement Novedex XT hydroxyandrostene-6,dioxoTHP ether and 3,diketo-androst-1,4,6-triene was effective at increasing serum testosterone and DHT, while only displaying slight increases in estrogen levels in young, eugonadal men [ 16 ].

Additionally, compounds with the same androstene-3,6,trione and very similar androstene-4,7,trione structure as 6-OXO have been shown to irreversibly bind to the aromatase enzyme thereby causing a decrease in estradiol production [ 17 , 18 ].

In view of our previous work [ 16 ], there is still little data available on the effects of the various nutritional aromatase inhibiting supplements. Sixteen apparently healthy, recreationally-active males with a mean age of All participants were cleared for participation by passing a mandatory medical screening. All eligible subjects signed a university-approved informed consent document.

Additionally, all experimental procedures involved in this study conformed to the ethical considerations of the Helsinki Code.

Testing sessions were performed at week 0 and after weeks 1, 3, 8, and 11 in which blood and urine samples were obtained and where body composition, serum hormones, blood and urinary clinical safety markers, and systemic hemodynamic safety markers were evaluated.

Total body mass kg was determined on a standard dual beam balance scale Detecto Bridgeview, IL. Total body water and compartment-specific fluid volumes were determined by bioelectric impedance analysis Xitron Technologies Inc.

Venous blood samples were obtained from an antecubital vein into a 10 ml collection tube. Blood samples were allowed to stand at room temperature for 10 min and then centrifuged. Urine samples were obtained in mid-stream into a collection container using a standard collection protocol. Blood and urine samples were obtained after a hour fast and standardized to the same time of day for each sample. Based on the premise that there were no muscle performance measurements to be made in the study, such as muscle strength and power, that could otherwise generate a so-called "placebo effect," the decision was made not to utilize a placebo group.

Participants were equally divided, matched by age and body mass, and then randomly assigned in double-blind fashion to an eight-week supplementation protocol consisting of the daily oral ingestion of either mg or mg of 6-OXO [androstene-3,6,trione ErgoPharm, Champaign, IL ].

For days where no exercise occurred, the supplements were ingested in the same timely fashion. After the supplementation period, a three-week washout period was required during which neither supplement was ingested.

During both the supplementation and washout periods the participants' physical activity and dietary intake were not supervised; however, it was required that all participants keep detailed physical activity and dietary records and not change their routine dietary habits or level of physical activity throughout the course of the study. As such, participants were required to keep weekly physical activity records and four-day dietary records during weeks 0, 1, 3, 8, and 11 and turn in their physical activity and dietary records during each testing session.

The four-day dietary recalls were evaluated with the Food Processor dietary assessment software program ESHA Research, Salem, OR to determine the average daily macronutrient consumption of fat, carbohydrate, and protein. In an effort to ensure compliance to the supplementation protocol, participants were supplied with the appropriate number of capsules to be ingested during the time between testing sessions 1, 3, and 8.

Upon reporting to the lab at each of the respective testing sessions, participants returned the empty containers and a capsule count was performed if necessary. At each testing session, participants assumed a supine position for 15 minutes and had their heart rate HR , systolic blood pressure SBP , and diastolic blood pressure DBP determined to assess the hemodynamic safety of supplementation with 6-OXO.

Heart rate was determined by use of a Polar heart rate monitor Polar, San Ramon, CA , and blood pressure was assessed with a mercurial sphygmomanometer using standard procedures.

The urinary variables glucose, ketones, blood, protein, nitrite, bilirubin, leukocyctes, specific gravity, pH, urobilinogen were analyzed with a Bayer Clinitek Plus urine analyzer Bayer Diagnostics, Tarrytown, NY.

The average specificity for all assays was 3. Box M tests were performed to test for differences in covariance matrices. Bartlett's Test of Sphericity were performed to test that the variance and covariance matrix of the dependent variables was circular in form which would allow for accurate interpretation of univariate ANOVAs. Levene's Test of Equality of Error was performed to test for equality of variance for each dependent variable.

The changes from post- to pre-training for each criterion variable were then analyzed with a one-way ANOVA. All statistical procedures were performed using SPSS In addition, subjective analysis of the physical activity evaluations revealed that none of the participants had any noticeable changes in their level of physical activity over week period. Results indicated that the mg group had significant higher baseline values that persisted throughout the study, and was apparently independent of 6-OXO supplementation.

A zero reading indicates that there were no traceable amounts of markers present. Readings that were above a zero reading indicated a trace amount and are otherwise indicated by numbers 1, 2, and 3. These differences existed at baseline and persisted throughout the duration of the study and were, therefore, independent of 6-OXO supplementation. In this study, we sought to determine the effects of 6-OXO supplementation provided at a daily dosage of mg and mg for eight weeks on body composition, serum hormones, and clinical safety markers.

There were no adverse side effects reported from the participants and no significant changes in hemodynamic measures and in clinical chemistry markers measured in whole blood, serum, or urine during the course of the study suggesting that 6-OXO at the dosages investigated for a period of eight weeks appears safe within the confines of the markers assessed.

In regard to body composition, neither dose of 6-OXO demonstrated any significant improvement in fat mass or fat-free mass over the course of the study. Even with significant increases in FT and DHT, this furthers indicates that 6-OXO supplemented at these dosages for eight weeks did not decrease fat mass or cause an anabolic response by increasing muscle mass.

In addition, by the end of the three-week washout period, the levels of these hormones and all others had returned to normal levels. These data indicate that aromatase activity was not completely inhibited by 6-OXO throughout the eight-week period. Because 6-OXO is a type I steroidal aromatase inhibitor, it is assumed that this supplement would completely inhibit aromatase activity, thereby leading to elevations in endogenous TST.

As a result, it is conceivable that the apparent TST aromatization occurring was in part responsible for the observed elevations in estradiol and estrone. The purported mechanism for an increase in TST with aromatase inhibition has been reported as a decrease in estradiol levels that leads to feedback to the hypothalamus to stimulate TST-induced increases in estradiol [ 26 , 27 ]. This would infer that in order for an increase in TST to occur, a decrease in estradiol would have to be seen, and this is not what happened in this study.

Regarding SHBG, the levels did not change over the course of the study. Interestingly, however, the mg group had lower SHBG concentrations at baseline and throughout the course of the study suggesting this to be independent of the specific dose of 6-OXO. The results of this study indicate that eight weeks of 6-OXO supplementation had no effect on body composition or clinical safety markers, but incompletely inhibited aromatase activity and significantly increased endogenous DHT levels that were attenuated after a three-week washout period.

DR participated in the design of the study, coordination and data acquisition, and assisted in performing the statistical analysis and drafting the manuscript. RK participated in the design of the study and assisted in performing the statistical analysis.

DSW conceived the study, developed the study design, secured the funding for the project, assisted and provided oversight for all data acquisition and statistical analysis, assisted in drafting the manuscript, and served as the faculty mentor for the project. We would like to thank the individuals that participated as subjects in this study. Written consent for participation was obtained from all subjects. All researchers involved independently collected, analyzed, and interpreted the results from this study and have no financial interests concerning the outcome of the investigation.

National Center for Biotechnology Information , U. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. Published online Oct Author information Article notes Copyright and License information Disclaimer. Advanced: can increase up to 3 capsules three times a day. The maximum recommended duration of treatment is 8 weeks. In the case of longer cycles or when several PHs are used in the stack, it is useful to also use the E-Block product based on Anastrozole. Ottimo effetto. Finalmente facile da reperire. Piacevole scoperta sto sito.

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