What is the difference between phosphorus and phosphorus

Phosphate In chemistry, a phosphate is an anion, salt, functional group or ester derived from a phosphoric acid.

Phosphorus Phosphorus is a chemical element with the symbol P and atomic number Phosphate Illustrations. Phosphorus Illustrations. Popular Comparisons. Adress vs. Comming vs. Label vs. Genius vs. Speech vs. Chief vs. Teat vs. Neice vs. Buisness vs. Beeing vs. Amature vs. Lieing vs. Preferred vs. Omage vs. Finally vs. Attendance vs. Latest Comparisons Tubercule vs. This pool consists of adsorbed phosphorus, secondary phosphate minerals, and organic phosphorus that mineralizes easily.

The third pool cash that you carry with you is the smallest of the pools and comprised of inorganic phosphates and a small amount of organic phosphorus.

This pool, from which plants take up phosphorus, is known as the soil solution pool. These three pools exist in equilibrium with each other. As plants remove phosphorus from soil solution, phosphorus is replenished by the active pool. Similarly, as phosphorus concentration in active pool decreases, phosphorus is released from fixed pool to the active pool very slowly over time.

The concentration of phosphorus available to plants at any time is very low and ranges from 0. The forms of phosphorus most readily accessed by plants are orthophosphate ions H 2 PO 4 — , HPO 4 2- whose availability depends on soil pH. Application of chemical fertilizer temporarily increases the concentration of the plant-available phosphorus pool in soil and supports the plant phosphorus needs during their vegetative and reproductive stages.

It is always a good practice to check the status of phosphorus in soil through regular soil testing before applying phosphorus fertilizers. Addition of phosphorus beyond the agronomic need of crops has minimal effect on crop yield. However, the excess phosphorus is susceptible to loss through runoff and erosion and can promote algal growth in freshwater systems causing the degradation of water quality.

Crop Production. Summary: Phosphorus in a Nutshell Various components of phosphorus cycle in soil can be correlated with the types of money in your bank.

Figure 3. Phosphorus pools in the soil. Did you find this helpful? It was helpful. Red phosphorous is a polymeric structure. One unit of red phosphorous is similar to the tetrahedral structure of white phosphorous.

Figure 1: Red Phosphorous Powder. Phosphorous is essential to all living things. It is also used in the energy transfer mechanisms inside the body in the form of ATP.

Apart from that, white phosphorous and red phosphorous are used in industrial needs such as the side coating of the matchboxes, formation of metal alloys , etc. The chemical formula of phosphate is given as PO 4 The molecular geometry of phosphate is tetrahedral.

The phosphorous atom is centered by four oxygen atoms. The phosphate anion bears three negative charges. Many phosphate compounds are not soluble in water. This process does not convert percent of the orthophosphate ions into the polyphosphate form.

Most polyphosphate fertilizers will have 40 to 60 percent of the phosphorus remaining in the orthophosphate form. In the soil, polyphosphate ions readily convert to orthophosphate ions in the presence of soil water. This conversion is rapid and, with normal soil temperatures, can be completed in days or less.

An enzyme called pyrophosphatase, which is abundant in most soils, enhances this conversion process. Polyphosphates are usually marketed as liquid ammonium polyphosphate fertilizers. Because water is removed in the manufacturing process, these materials have a higher analysis than materials with phosphate in the orthophosphate form. Numerous field trials have evaluated how orthophosphate and polyphosphate fertilizers affect crop production.

The results shown in Table 6 are typical of the results obtained from several trials. The yields shown in Table 6 are averages from five sites where the soil pH was more than 7. Similar results from other studies have been reported throughout the Corn Belt.

From an academic perspective, monoammonium phosphates MAP create a more acidic zone around each fertilizer granule, whereas diammonium phosphates DAP create a basic zone. Thus, in high pH soils, we can theorize that using MAP-based fertilizers should be better than DAP because the acid-producing fertilizer would offset the calcareous soils. An additional concern regarding MAP or DAP selection, aside from soil pH, is potential ammonia toxicity to germinating seeds in dry soils.

In applying the recommended amount of P in a drill-row or pop-up fertilizer placement, DAP will contain approximately 60 percent more N, which may be a potential injury risk. However, because agronomic studies and economic data indicate no crop yield differences, we can conclude that fertilizer selection should be made on traditional factors such as nutrient content, price, availability, etc.

Daniel E. Kaiser, Extension nutrient management specialist and Paulo Pagliari, Extension soil scientist. All rights reserved. The University of Minnesota is an equal opportunity educator and employer. Home Crop production Nutrient management Phosphorus and Potassium Understanding phosphorus fertilizers. How commercial phosphate fertilizer is manufactured. Open all Close all.

Materials Rock phosphate is the raw material used to manufacture most commercial phosphate fertilizers on the market. Process Most commercial phosphate fertilizer manufacturing begins by producing phosphoric acid. Phosphate fertilizer terminology and sources Selecting a phosphate fertilizer can be confusing due to all the products on the market.

Water-soluble Fertilizer samples analyzed by a control laboratory are placed in water, then the percentage of the total phosphate that dissolves is measured. Phosphate measured with this analytical procedure is referred to as citrate-soluble. Comparison chart: Common fertilizer sources. Source: Ohio Cooperative Extension Service. Organic phosphorus sources Organic P fertilizers have been used for centuries as the P source for crops. Organic vs. Chemical composition The P contained in organic P sources combines inorganic and organic P.

Chemical makeup Diet fed to the animal has some control over this chemical makeup. Decomposition Much of the organic P is easily decomposable in the soil, but factors such as temperature, soil moisture and soil pH all have a bearing on the P mineralization rate.

Available P The combination of the organic-inorganic P ratios in the organic P sources and the soil environment affect the availability coefficient for organic P. Research: Corn yield Optimal soil test levels Numerous research projects have demonstrated that agronomic crops will respond to phosphate fertilization if soil test levels are in the very low, low and medium ranges, or below 15 parts per million ppm in the Bray-1 test Figure 2 or 11 ppm in the Olsen test.

P 2 O 5 rate Placement Recommendation basis Grain yield 0 Control -- bushels per acre 49 Broadcast One-year crop removal bushels per acre 85 Broadcast Two-year crop removal C-Sb bushels per acre 35 Broadcast University of Minnesota bushels per acre 25 Starter University of Minnesota bushels per acre. Soil test values This example illustrates the effect that starting soil test level, soil type and crop can have on the response to P.

Application method. Response of other crops Crop response to P application varies: Alfalfa: Will respond to levels up to 40 ppm soil test Bray P-1 value. Corn: Will respond to levels up to 15 to 20 ppm. For various starting soil test values, Table 4 gives: The percentage of times that applying P resulted in a measurable increase in corn yield. The average yield achieved when no P was applied.