Handful of sand how many grains

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Get the Answers App. They shine by gravitational contraction [like Jupiter does, at a faint level] rather than nuclear fusion. In spite of their large number, the total mass of all brown dwarves in the Milky Way is thought to contribute less than 0.

Which of these two is larger depends on which measure you use. The diameter of Andromeda light-years is about twice that of the Milky Way light-years , but the Milky Way is much denser and turns out to have a larger mass : The total halo mass of the Milky Way is estimated to be 3.

The rest of the local group is not as well known as one might expect. The blocking is less thorough with infrared light than it is for the visible part of the spectrum. This has allowed the fairly recent discovery of Galaxies behind the Milky Way , including one whose center is only light-years away, which makes it our closest neigbor yet: It was discovered in and goes by the name of " Sagittarius Dwarf Elliptical Galaxy ", or "SagDEG" not to be confused with the Sagittarius Dwarf Irregular Galaxy , abbreviated SagDIG.

The previous record holder was the prominent Large Magellanic Cloud , which is conspicuous to the naked eye from the southern hemisphere, and is located at a distance of about light-years. The masses listed in the above table are the most recent estimates we could find for the total masses of the listed galaxies. A large galaxy [like the Milky Way or the Andromeda Galaxy] often has a massive dark halo, which contributes to most of its mass.

The presence of such a halo is revealed by studying how the orbital speeds of stars vary with their distances from the galactic center.

Other galaxies, like the Large Magellanic Cloud LMC , appear to have a less massive halo a "mass to light" ratio of about The first one was a deep view of a tiny patch of the Northern Sky obtained from exposures taken with the Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2 WFPC2 for 10 consecutive days between December 18 and 28, The WFPC2 used in both cases was installed on the HST to correct the spherical aberration of the primary mirror; it replaces an earlier version which did not expect the aberration hence the "2" in the denomination.

The instrument consists of 4 separate CCD cameras, each with a resolution of by pixels. A splitter in the shape of a square pyramid is used, so that each of the 4 cameras may handle a quarter of the field of view.

The so-called planetary camera PC has a higher resolution than the other three "wide field" cameras, and thus covers a smaller patch of the Sky. This gives the total field of view the strange "chevron" shape pictured above. It is customary to express the resolution of a telescopic CCD camera in milli-arcsecond mas per pixel. This is Expressed in steradians sr , the entire field of view of the WFPC2 is therefore:.

This would be subtended by a disk roughly 0. In other words, the entire celestial sphere 4 p sr is about This guess translates into a grand total of about billion galaxies. At cosmological distances, only 2 galaxies the Milky Way and Andromeda would be detectable by WFPC2 among the three dozens of our Local Group, so we may guess that the total number of galaxies in the observable Universe may well be 20 times as large, if smaller galaxies are to be tallied. Also, young galaxies may collide to form larger ones, so that galaxies are expected to be more numerous at very large distances where we observe a younger Universe.

The instrument is also about 5 times more sensitive than WFPC2, allowing deep sky observations to be completed much faster. On April 1 and 9, the newly installed ACS obtained a dramatic picture of the Tadpole Galaxy UGC , at a distance of million light-years, in the constellation Draco via 3 separate exposures through near-infrared, orange and blue filters. The resulting color picture was released on April 30, and shows a background of about individual galaxies.

Photometric redshifts may be used to obtain an overall distribution of the number N z of galaxies observed at a certain redshift. From such a distribution, the number of undetected galaxies may be better estimated. A poet [ Rolf Jacobsen ] once said that "the grains of sand grow constantly in number, and the deserts are getting bigger".

At first sight, the poet seems to be telling the truth: Everytime a grain of sand breaks, the number of grains increases by at least one let's ignore, for now, the fact that very fine sand may become technically silt , mud or clay in the process.

On a geological timescale, however, this nice poetic observation falls short of correct accounting, for there are processes which decrease the number of grains of sands as well. Over long periods of time, sand may become sandstone , siltstone , mudstone or shale